Causes and Effects of Homework Essay

Homework is a thing that has been around for many years. While some assignments are big, and some are small, they both have one thing in common: they add a large amount of stress to the student’s life. Many things bring on homework: upcoming tests, grades, main ideas that must be learned. These are fair reasons to assign assignments, because they teach you new abilities and let you practice certain skills. With good reasons, there are unfair reasons as well. Teachers who have nothing better to do, students misbehaving, and students not reaching the desired stopping point in the teacher’s schedule. These causes put an abnormal amount of stress on the students. Read more:  How to write a good cause and effect essay. First, let’s focus on the good reasons. Homework can be a valuable tool in the teacher’s hands, but only if they know how to wield that tool properly. Giving students 2 hours of boring homework will not encourage the student to learn. They will just skim through, filling in the answers. On the other hand, if a teacher gives a one hour assignment that interesting and fun, then the student will be more enthusiastic about it, therefore absorbing the assignment instead of skimming over it. Homework allows the teacher additional time to teach the student. If certain skills are needed later on in life (or at least on the SAT exam), the homework would allow more time for the student to remember the skill. If there is an upcoming test (finals, SAT, etc.), assigning homework is a great way for the teacher make sure the student studies. With all of these benefits, there have to be some drawbacks. Teachers who assign a lot of homework, especially when it is due the next day, are feared. Students are stressed and can’t go into that teacher’s room without feeling dread at how long tonight’s assignment is going to take. One hour, two, or more? They wait in fear for the announcement of the homework assignment. After a grueling night of studying and writing, the students barely have enough time to sleep. They sleep in through their alarm, missing breakfast and their bus. Their parents have to drive their kids to school, which makes their parents mad at them, adding even more stress to the  students’ life. The student gets to school late, interrupting the class and receiving another tardy, and/or a detention. This puts them into a bad mood, and they can’t think about school because they are thinking about the detention. This leads to bad grades, more of their parents’ nagging, an d more stress on that individual’s life. See how one teacher’s long assignment can affect a student’s day. Terrible, isn’t it? While all of this stuff might not happen in a single day, some of it happens every day to a select few individuals. All of this can be avoided if plenty of time is given for each homework assignment, and if they are never due on Monday’s. If the teacher assigns the due date on Tuesday and reminds the class of it on Monday, the â€Å"I forgot it at home† excuse will no longer be valid. Overall, homework is a necessary evil; it teaches and gives you a headache at the same time. Some teachers should lighten up on the workload, especially math teachers. To sum everything up, a good analogy for homework is like taking prescription medication. A little is good for you, while an overdose can be a serious health risk.

How the Bill of Rights Affects My Life

In 1791, the first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States, also known as the Bill of Rights, become ratified. The Bill of Rights contained freedoms that Americans held to be their inalienable rights, and were so important that before ratifying the Constitution many states insisted on a promise of amendments guaranteeing individual rights. It was created to set limitations on the power of the United States government, protecting the natural rights of liberty and property. The Bill of Rights affects every Americans life, in many different ways: it sets standards for people to live by, it gives us the right to be citizens, and it also gives us freedom of speech. The Bill of Rights gives citizens freedom, but it also crosses the line between right and wrong. It punishes those that have done wrong, and rewards those that deserve it. It basically sets boundaries, not just for the lower or middle class, but for everyone. It reminds me of the Ten Commandments; rules are set for the people of the land, and when those rules are broken, justice is served. The Bill of Rights also gives us the right to be citizens of the United States. Not just anyone can become an actual citizens, most aliens in the U. S. are illegal. Why? Because the Bill of Rights put a stop to them becoming legal; and while that has its positives and negatives, I believe that it’s a good thing that not everyone can become a citizen of our great nation. The culture, the history, the population, all of it would be different if just anyone was allowed in. I wouldn’t be the person that I am today. Lastly, the Bill of Rights grants us the freedom of speech. The liberty to speak our minds and say what we need to say. In so many countries freedom of speech is banned, and here, sometimes even I take it for granted. Freedom of Speech is saying what you believe needs to be said, whether good or bad, without being punished for it. So, as one can see the Bill of Rights not only affects my life, but it also affects the lives of others around me. We the people are so blessed to be citizens of this nation, and to think that our ancestors (somewhere way down the line) were the great minds that created the Bill of Rights. The Bill of Rights sets standards for people to abide by, it grants select people to become citizens, and it gives us the freedom of speech; but, those are just the highlights and there’s more to that book than just its cover.

African Americans and Slavery

African Americans and Slavery in the Revolutionary period The American Revolution was a time of great turmoil for all men and women in the United States. Great debates came and went during this time; slavery and the freedom of black men being the main problems in these debates. Slaves were used for a great number of things during the American revolutionary period. The arrival of slavery to the American colonies began in the 1600s and started out in Virginia.As the years passed more and more African-Americans were brought into the colonies to be used as labor workers. The beginning amount of slaves continued to grow and by the beginning of the revolution there were about 273,000 slaves spread throughout the American states. With the coming of the revolution all African-Americans, slave or free, knew something was coming and each had a different response to these comings. There were differences in the responses of slaves and free men during the American Revolution. There were also cons equences to their choices. Gaining freedom in a land of captivity and wresting equality from a society whose founding documents guarantee it has been the consuming desire and everlasting hope that has kept harrowed bodies and weary souls going. † In the southern states African-American slaves were treated harsher than those in the north. The plantations down south required back –breaking hours of work in the sun that White Americans believed could only be done by those they had bought. There was a reason for them to be there and until they could no longer work they were to do all things imaginable for their owners, no questions asked.Some of these slaves thought it was easier to run away from their owners and that in doing so they would have a chance to fight for their country. Slaves could either flee to the north or they could flee to Spanish owned Florida. In cases where a master was called upon to fight, they would send a slave in their place and if they lived long enough to return home they earned freedom. Many of the slaves decided that if they had a chance to gain their freedom by joining the war effort then they would gladly take their masters place.They also believed that with the beginning to the revolutionary period would bring a new deed to the land and when it was over there would no longer be a need for slaves. The consequences for slaves in the south were innumerable. Like many slaves, they took this time to run from slave masters and plantations. If these southern slaves were caught, depending on the owner, the slave could suffer mild to severe consequences. Depending on the demeanor of the owner a slave could be punished in several different ways. Whipping, branding, slapping, being dunked underwater, and kicking were just some forms of punishment.The most severe punishments were to cut off a body part like an ear in the hopes that the slave would learn and never run again. There were also â€Å"nice† slave owners that chos e not to punish their slaves. There justification for not punishing their slaves was so that they would continue to work and so that the owner could buy more slaves with the money that they continued to pool in from the work. Because of some owners that continuously harassed Washington, he stopped allowing slaves into his army. But General Washington, fearing rebellion, created an order that stated that all blacks were not allowed to fight.Later he partially reversed the order and allowed only free black men to fight with him. Some slaves believed that taking a chance to flee towards the north was a far-fetched idea. They were seeking freedom in the quickest possible way. Lord Dunmore sent out a proclamation that stated in exchange for freedom any black that came to him would fight against the patriots and become a loyalist. Dunmore’s promise of freedom fueled black slaves to escape and even some patriots fled to fight as a loyalist. After the war, true to his word, slaves ga ined their freedom.Some of these newly freed slaves went to Britain but many of them stayed in the Americas. On the other hand free men in the north believed the revolution would bring about change for the better. Their idea of the revolution was that they were being given the chance to gain independence from Great Britain and also for themselves. It was a defining moment in history that they were to be a part of. Fighting with white men gave these free black men a sense of honor and it also gave them a job where they could earn a little money to put towards getting homes and things of that nature.Men from the north gradually began to realize that they could fight with their brethren and bring independence to the land. General Washington passed an order stating that no black man was allowed into his army. This order came about because of general angst from some slave owners. These owners believed that there should not be any blacks fighting for the independence because they were onl y good for being slaves and they would never have say over anything. After some time Washington, fearing not having enough men to fight against the British, partially eversed this order to allow only free black men. Other than this there were not many consequences that are recorded for free black men. These free men not only fought for the independence of the nation but also for their independence and the independence of other black men and women. African-Americans from the north and south chose to join the continental army because they believed that they should help make the place the lived independent from a tyranny that had no say in the matters of a new country. They felt that this tyranny could take their rights and place them under unfair rule once again.Some of the freemen and slaves that had started out in the continental army decided to run to the British army but were not successful in their plights. Nash called the revolution the ‘greatest slave rebellion in America n history’ because it was just that. The revolution opened up new grounds for slaves to rebel against owners because it was the most opportune time for them to do so. â€Å"If any group within America’s diversified people came close to answering John Adams’s plea that ‘we must all be soldiers,’ it was black Americans.No part of revolutionary society responded to the call for arms with anywhere near the enthusiasm of those who were black. Proportionate to their number, African American males— and some females— were more likely to join the fray than white Americans. † According to this excerpt from another one of Nash’s books, African-Americans were much more adept to answering the plea of John Adams. If there were more African-American fighters than white that meant that more black males were subject to put themselves in danger in order to gain freedom.They would rather have one day of freedom, not knowing if they would di e in the next second, hour, or day, than be a slave for the rest of their lives. This is one of the reasons why Nash called the revolution the ‘greatest slave rebellion in American history’. â€Å"Desperate to fill the thinned ranks of its regiments, states offered freedom†¦ to serve during the continuance of the present war with Great Britain. Every black enlistee would be ‘immediately discharged from the service of his master or mistress, and be absolutely free, as if he had never been encumbered with any kind of servitude or slavery. If states were desperate to have more men come into their ranks then there was nothing really stopping slaves from escaping their masters and coming to fight. They all wanted freedom from someone. Slaves wanted freedom from their bonds that were tied to the soil they worked and the Americans wanted freedom from Great Britain. Both groups had their reasons to fight and the only way slaves knew how to become free was to rebel a nd run to an army. This was a time for large rebellions on all fronts not just from the slaves.It was a rebellion against the British from the former colonists and a rebellion against the men and women that were taken from their homes to somehow create new ones. â€Å"It may have been, as Nash says ‘the greatest slave rebellion in American history,’ but for most of the rebels it ended like the others, in death. Slaves who supported the American side fared better, but not much better. Only with great reluctance did Washington allow some to join his army. Other Virginians had another wartime use for them.In 1780 the state legislature offered salves as a bounty for enlistment in the war against British tyranny. The revolution did see enactment of measures for gradual emancipation in the northern states, but the number who benefited was small. † My view on the American Revolution has changed somewhat because of how the African-Americans were treated during and after the period of war. The Americans act as though they had not been fighting alongside each other and because of this withhold distaste for the blacks.The completely disregard the idea that every man is created equal and has certain unalienable rights. They do not extend these ideas that were written down on the Declaration of Independence to the free black Americans. Men that had fought with and under Washington were not looked as the same because the color of their skin and were not given the same rights. Because of how they were treated I see the Revolution more as a war against Britain to save other whites from tyranny rather than to gain independence for all mankind. ——————————————– 1 ]. Gary B. Nash, The Forgotten Fifth: African Americans in the Age of Revolution (Harvard University: 2006), 1. [ 2 ]. Taymor, . â€Å"US History Documents. † Last modified 2005. Accessed J anuary 27, 2013. http://inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. [ 3 ]. Taymor, . â€Å"US History Documents. † Last modified 2005. Accessed January 27, 2013. http://inside. sfuhs. org/dept/history/US_History_reader/Chapter2/Nashfighting. pdf. [ 4 ]. Edmund S. Morgan, review of The Unknown American Revolution: The

Intercultural Conflict Resolution in Schools Assignment

Intercultural Conflict Resolution in Schools - Assignment Example Note that for research purposes, the real names of respondents were replaced. Justine: These programs help to establish peace, remove vehemence and create healthy relationships among students. In schools where cultural conflict is low, programs such as the Resolving Conflict Creatively Program (RCCP) have been implemented to help bring an understanding between students of different cultures. Justine: The schools address cultural conflicts by making sure these programs are run and encouraging teachers and parents to respect the diverse cultures within each school system. This starts by learning of the practices in other people’s cultures in order to ensure awareness. For instance, one’s culture may permit interaction of both sexes both in classroom sitting arrangements and the playgrounds while another culture is against this. The awareness by the students will ensure that the activities conducted by the students do not bring conflicts among them. The school should implement policies that respect each culture. They should educate on the harms of intercultural conflicts and penalize those who are intolerant to coexistence. Justine: The beliefs of some cultures lead to intercultural conflicts. This is for instance, in cases where big Korean girls share the same school with smaller Korean girls. According to their beliefs, the bigger girls are allowed to assault the smaller ones in case they believe they do not receive enough respect from them. This leads to conflicts. Justine: Students experience different conflicts in relation to cultural difference. These include socio-economic status conflicts, for instance as seen between Iranians and Soviet Armenians who share same cultural views but the conflict in socio-economic status from back in their communities. Conflicts are also evident in the formation of cliques, the rise of fights, formation of gangs, and even in assigning homework.

To what extent employee satisfaction is an antecedent for customer Dissertation

To what extent employee satisfaction is an antecedent for customer satisfaction and loyalty among Small and medium Enterprises - Dissertation Example logy 30 3.1 Research Philosophy 32 3.1.1 Phenomenological Style or Interpretivism 33 3.1.2 Positivist Style 33 3.2 Justification for Positivism Philosophy 34 3.3 Research Approach 35 3.3.1 Deductive Research 35 3.3.2 Inductive Research 36 3.3 Characteristics of this Research 37 3.4 Research Strategy 39 3.4.1 Qualitative Methodology 41 3.4.2 Quantitative Method 42 44 3.4.3 Semi-Structured Interviews 44 3.5 Time Horizon 45 3.5.2 Cross Sectional Perspective 46 3. 6 Data Collection Method 47 3.6.1 Secondary Data Collection 47 3.6.2 Observation 48 3.6.3 Interview 48 3.6.4 Sampling 49 3.6.5 Questionnaire Survey 50 3.7 Validity Testing 50 3.7.1 Construct Validity 50 3.7.2 Internal Validity 51 3.7.3 External Validity 51 3.7.4 Reliability 52 3.8 Analysis Tools 52 3.8.1Chi Square Test 52 3.8.2Â  Weighted Average Method 53 3.8.3 Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation 53 3.8.4 Percentage Analysis 54 3.8.5 Graphs 54 3.9 Ethical Considerations 54 4.2.1 Analysis 1 63 4.2.2 Analysis 2 66 4.2.3 Analysis 3 68 4.2.4 Analysis 4 70 70 4.2.5 Analysis 5 71 4.2.6 Analysis 6 74 4.2.8 Analysis 8 81 4.2.9 Analysis 9 & 10 84 4.2.10 Summary 86 Chapter 5 Conclusion 87 5.1 SME Retail Sector-Ireland 89 5.1.1 Competitive Advantage for Retail Stores 90 5.1.2 Human Resource Challenges 90 5.1.3 Marketing Challenge 91 5.1.4 Competitive Advantage through People 92 Chapter 6 Recommendation 93 Chapter 7 Self Reflection 94 7.1 Genesis of the Research Problem 94 7.2 My Concern 95 7.3 Collecting and Analyzing Data 95 7.6 Cost Management 98 7.7 Significance of the Research 99 7.8 Understanding Knowledge of Journal and Books 100 101 Reference 102 Journals 102 Books 107 Appendices 110 Appendix 1- Interview Transcript 110 Appendix 2- Questionnaire 113 List of Figures Fig 1: Competitive Advantage 13 Fig 2: Competitive Advantage through People 16 Fig 3- Employee Satisfaction 20 Fig 4: Customer Satisfaction & Employee Satisfaction 28 Fig 5: Customer Satisfaction 29 Fig 6: Research Method 32 Fig 7: D eductive Research 36 Fig 8: Inductive Research 37 Fig 9: Research Strategy 39 Fig 10: Qualitative versus Quantitative Analysis 44Fig 11: Service Profit Matrix 63 Fig 12: Distribution for Satisfied Population in Retail Stores 64 Fig 13: Distribution of Motivated Population 69 Fig 14: Key Motivators for Satisfaction 70 Fig 15: Correlation between Employee Satisfaction and Employee Motivation 74 Fig 16: Distribution of Engaged Employees 75 Fig 17: Variation in Employee Engagement and Employee Satisfaction 78 Fig 18: Correlation between Employee Commitment and Employee Engagement 81 List of Tables Table 1: Distribution for Satisfied Population in Retail Stores 63 Table 2: Satisfaction booster most favoured by employees 66 Table 3: Weighted Average of Satisfaction Booster most favoured by Employees 67 Table 4: Distribution of Job Satisfaction Booster 68 Table 5: Key Motivators 70 Table 6: Relational Matrix for Employee Commitment and Satisfaction 73 Table 7: Distribution of Employee Enga gement 75 Table 8: Dispersion between Employee Satisfaction and Engagement 77 Table 9: Relational Matrix between Employee Engagement and Commitment 80 Table 10: Observed Value 82 Table 11: Expected Value 83 Table 12: Chi Square Analysis 84 Table 13: Impact of Customer Care Service on Customer Satisfaction (X) 85 Table 14: Impact of Employee Satisfac

Los Zetas Drug cartel as an Explanation of Marginalization and Research Paper

Los Zetas Drug cartel as an Explanation of Marginalization and Violence in Mexican Politics - Research Paper Example Los Zetas operates successfully as a criminal gang due to its affiliation to powerful politicians in the provinces that it controls. The influence of drug cartels in Mexican politics is historical with wide ramifications on the people of the area. Los Zetas explains the historical and current trend of marginalization, violence, corruption and influence of illegal drugs on Mexican politics. This people will discuss by giving illustrations on how Los Zetas explains marginalization, violence, corruption and illegal drugs influence in Mexican politics. Background of Los Zetas Los Zetas started as security group for the top members of the gulf cartel in 1999. The founding members of Los Zetas were fourteen former Mexican Special forces who offered security services for the Gulf cartel, which is considered the most notorious drug cartel in Mexican history. Osiel Cardenas Guillen who was a member of the gulf cartel since the Mid 90’s founded Los Zetas. With the help of three Military personnel, Guillen managed to consolidate himself as the kingpin of the group on the Mexican gulf through the elimination of his rivals in the Gulf cartel. The ruthless and professionalism of the group made it easy for Guillen to effectively scare and take over the territories of his enemies. By 2004, Guillen had been captured and his main bodyguard Arturo Guzman had been killed. The remaining members of the group took over the reins but with Guillen still controlling the group. Accusations of Guillen and Los Zetas being protected by powerful politicians in the state of Tamaulipas has always been considered as one of the reason that made it easy for Guillen to operate easily in the gulf of Mexico. ... Los Zetas transformed itself into a full drug cartel with the weakening of the Gulf cartel and the ascendancy of Heriberto Lazcano who was a founding member of the security group. Los Zetas success is attributed to the disintegration of the Gulf cartel. By 2010, Los Zetas had fully made itself independent from the gulf cartel and with Lazcano as its head, furthermore, the group recruited its members from states as far as Texas in the US and in Guatemala. it increased its financial base from being simply a drug cartel, into assassins for hire, running prostitution rings, casinos, music piracy, controlling the mining industry and even working as muscles for some politicians. Currently, Los Zetas and its allies face the rivalry from the Sinaola cartel, which is the other powerful cartel in Mexico. Areas that Los Zetas controls Los Zetas is considered a newer drug cartel compared to its rivals. It is estimated that los Zetas controls 11 states or more in Mexico. Apart from Mexico, Los Ze tas can be found actively in Texas and in Guatemala. The drug cartel is considered the biggest one in geographical terms when compared to the Siniola drug cartel, which is the chief rival of the group. Los Zetas is found in states such as Nuevo Laredo, Coahuila, tabasco, Gulf of Mexico, Yucatan, Chiapas, Guerrero, Michoacan, Oacxaca and even parts of Mexico City. The group has become ruthless because of its ability to recruit corrupt members of the police force. The group is also known to have training camps where members of Guatemala military train new recruits. All those happens even in the presence of elected government, judicial and police officials. Marginalization as a cause of thriving of Los Zetas success In order to understand the success of Los

Quality of Society and Leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Quality of Society and Leaders - Essay Example But, either these two are dependent on each other is a different concept than measurement. Therefore, this essay focuses on a phenomenon to identify that either quality of society is dependent on the quality of its leader, which is very minimal (Robert & Matsumiya, 2007, p. 10). 1.2 The quality of a society depends upon the quality of its leaders Quality cannot be quantified. There can be changes in the society. Research indicated that these changes arise due to the changing political conditions. There are many factors due which leaders are unable to affect the quality of society (Williamson, 2010, p. 555). Leaders are unable to affect the quality of society due to the following three reasons i.e.: society shapes the potential leaders society itself chooses a leader society itself determines the limit of change in its quality Society shapes the potential leaders Society influences the development of leaders and prevents them from affecting the quality of a society. It is the society who influences the individuals not the leaders. Societal environment, individual action and structure, all these work together (Bunge, 1997, p.420). They are the forms of one another. Leaders are included in these individual who lives in a society, therefore they are also influenced from the quality of society. But some leader who has stronger potential can resist the influence of society. This combination of influence from society and leaders is hard to resist. Whether a leader is strong or weak, but they are mainly shaped by the society. This means that society itself chooses and shapes a leader; this means it cannot gain a person with some differentiated skills. Therefore, societies cannot rely on these leaders to change its quality. Society itself chooses a leader Mainly society itself chooses a leader. Therefore it reduces the chances of getting a leader with some different and innovative qualities, it chooses a leader who have same qualities that of former. This is done throug h modern politics i.e. a leader is selected on the basis of elections. Societies mainly choose those leaders, which reflect their quality and are quite similar to it, rather than selecting such leaders who have different qualities as compared to the quality of a particular society. This phenomenon have not been promoted in this modern world, it was present late back in 16th century i.e. only those individuals were selected as a leader who had similarity with the quality of a society (Nietzsche, 1983). Even if a leader retires, he is replaced by a person who has similar qualities as that of former. This means it does not resist any change in the quality of leadership. For instance, in 1848, French Revolution people selected a new regime on the basis of volunteer, which was similar to the older one. This revolution did not lead to achievement of its goals (Marx, 1969). Removal of the regime indicated that there wasn’t a change in leadership but there was a change in the quality of society. In case if the quality of society do not change even after replacing a leader, it indicates that quality of society is not dependent on the quality of leaders. Society itself determines the limit of change in its quality In case if a leader with different quality is considered and selected for a society. It blocks the way of leaders to implement any change by allocating limits. Following a different virtue is difficult for the society and in case if it does not value that, it will

Mental Health Nurses are the Best People to Aid Recovery of Depressed Assignment

Mental Health Nurses are the Best People to Aid Recovery of Depressed and Cardiac Patients - Assignment Example Over the recent decade, several studies have linked anxiety and depression with cardiovascular problems, as well as fatal heart attacks (Bogner, Ford & Gallo 2006). A wide-ranging analysis of empirical studies about cardiac patients’ psychosocial medications indicates that a vast sum of resources have been employed in this attempt (Pignay-Demaria, Lesperance, Demaria, Frassure-Smith & Perrault 2003). Hence, it is vital for mental health nurses to be knowledgeable of the important developments that have taken place. A vast number of studies and reviews over the recent decade have analysed the impacts of depression on cardiovascular problem. They propose a relationship between cardiovascular problems and depression, but not a decisive causality trend (Ai et al. 2010). The findings can be classified into three groups (Ai et al. 2010). Primarily, depression portends the start of and weak diagnosis for cardiovascular illness (p. 27). Second, the connection between heart disease and depression is due partly to the connection between cardiac patterns and risk factors and depression like refusal to take medication, poor compliance to minor precautionary treatment, social exclusion, and withdrawal from rehabilitation courses (Ai et al. 2010). Third, some studies indicate that coronary heart disease may reinforce depressive symptoms, particularly among women. Certainly, a significant number of Myocardial Infarction (MI) survivors are experiencing depression (p. 27). Duits and colleagues (1997), in an analysis of 17 potential investigations of psychosocial results after cardiac surgery, discovered that preoperative depression and anxiety portended postoperative mental instability.... The explanations why depression is usually insufficiently addressed and treated in cardiac patients have yet to be completely explained. Depression normally is expressed by grief but can be determined without this particular aspect. Since elders with persistent clinical illnesses such as heart diseases may not show grief or sorrow and because other indications like weakness or weariness are pervasive to cardiovascular problems and depression, overlap in symptoms may reinforce the failure to recognise depression by physicians. On the other hand, patients and physicians might think that depression is a natural response to heart problems. Previous researchers of depression in the perspective of clinical comorbidity evaluated the presence of depression to be a mental outcome of experiencing a disease. Furthermore, a number of physicians may be hesitant to interview their patients regarding their symptoms of depression and patients may be unwilling to reveal these specific symptoms. Moreover, successful treatment of comorbid cardiovascular disease and depression necessitates knowledge of the interaction between these health disorders.

The use of Isotopes in medicine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The use of Isotopes in medicine - Essay Example Thus, isotopes are important in the diagnosis of medical conditions, treatment of certain diseases, and sterilization of equipment and products. The diagnosis of the medical conditions utilizes radioisotopes. Technetium-99 is the commonly used radioisotope, and the radiation from the element offers essential information regarding the functioning of specific organs in order to detect any malfunction. The information from the radiation enables the physicians to make accurate and quick diagnosis of the patients’ illness. Technetium-99 is the most abundant isotope of the radioactive technetium, and can penetrate into the body to provide vital information. Fundamentally, technetium-99 has important characteristics that make it useful in the diagnosis of the medical conditions. Notably, the isotope is metastable. This implies that technetium-99 has excited nucleus that emits the gamma rays to attain stability (Roat-Malone, 2003). Consequently, the emitted gamma rays are significant in medicine because they enable the medical practitioners to image the internal body parts for crucial diagnostic information. It is noteworthy that the gamma radiations are not harmful to the body. The emitted gamma rays contain ideal energy (140.5 KeV) for the detection with the gamma camera (World Nuclear Association, 2015). Similarly, the half-life of six hours makes the technetium-99 a useful element in the diagnosis of disease. In effect, the decay time is enough for the physicians to conduct any medical test. The use of the technetium-99 in the diagnosis of medical conditions has notable advantages, as well as, disadvantages. The property of technetium-99 as a pure gamma emitter is important in the analysis of the internal body parts. Gamma radiation produced by the isotope has energy levels that do not harm the human body (Roat-Malone, 2003). Hence, the radiations are safe and do not interfere with the normal

Fashion Industry Essay Example for Free

Fashion Industry Essay This summer it is boho chic. Last summer, it was preppy sailor simplicity. In the late 90s it was the grunge look. Yellow is the new black. Jeans are the new business casual. And on. And on. Yes, I am writing of fashion trends. The latest look, style, and color floods the covers of magazines, the shelves of retailers from Saks to H M, the bodies of celebrities and television characters and, undoubtedly, is able to get enough of us to buy into it (literally and figuratively) to validate the whole cycle. So, while most of us are easily able to grasp this continuously perpetuating cycle of saturating the public with the latest, greatest duds, questions remain: how does a trend start? Who makes this decision? Why does it work? Well, to be perfectly honest, there is no definitive answer to the myth that is a fashion trend. But, while the exact formula is beyond the consumer, we can be sure that it takes the work of several different interdependent fashion industry professions to convince us that espadrilles, suspenders, and terry-cloth suits are worthy of our dollars and donning. Fashion designers gather their inspiration, whether it comes from popular culture, music, politics, a celebrity muse, or something else entirely. Then, they design usually a spring and fall collection. With a slew of inspired, perfectly crafted designs ready to hit the runway, they show their collections. It could possibly be said that the trend begins at the fashion show. Fashion writers, buyers, photographers and celebrities line the runways, waiting to take in, criticize and praise the designers work. Writers go back to their offices and verbally comment on the design they have seen. If a collection is deemed great, the editor may be persuaded to feature the clothing on the cover of the months issue. This is also influenced by fashion publicists professionals who are paid to get the designers duds in front of larger audiences. Thus, we read about the latest fashion trend. Photographers snap photos as the models parade down the runway and sell them to parties interested in the designers work. The photos show up in newspapers, industry magazines, fashion magazines and various other media outlets. Thus, we see the latest fashion trend. Buyers, if impressed, order pieces that their clientele will be willing to pay hundreds or thousands to own. Other designers, those focused on mass production of more affordable versions of the latest trend, gather their inspiration here too. Thus, we can purchase the latest fashion trend. So, as you can see, it is impossible to pinpoint exactly how a fashion becomes a trend. What you can know, with certainty, is that it took many professionals in the fashion industry to get you to the cash register with your bohemian-inspired peasant blouse.

Media And Communication Studies Problems In Encoding Media Essay

Media And Communication Studies Problems In Encoding Media Essay Introduction Communication is the basic instinct of human being. The interaction and communication process is complex. It directs the researchers to understand the way the cognition works. Latest researches have become more advanced in the context of encoding. CDA (critical discourse analysis) and DA (discourse analysis) have been prerequisite to understand the encoding process. Objectivity, especially in the field of journalism is of great concern. The factors influencing the cognition and the process of encoding have been of the great concern for the communication scholars. Encoding is an integral part of the communication process. With out encoding and decoding it is not possible to communicate and being communicated. If we exclude the encoding the concept of communication is not possible. Mass media in Pakistan like any other media across the globe is working under the lines of responsibility but it is essential to understand the problems in encoding. Process of encoding and decoding is part of everyday communication. Anchormen, news reporters and producers play an important role beyond many others in communication field. Agenda setting, opinions building for a particular purpose have been the major area of interest for the communication experts and the journalists. It is obvious in our daily news media that some hot issues summarily go beyond the surface and the new one take their place to mold the attention of the public from one point to an other. This may go successful in one way when the message is encoded perfectly and then the receiver of the message decodes it in the way the sender wants it. For the successful and objective communication certain studies have been conducted by the communication and language experts focusing especially to the problems in the encoding process. PART II Encoding Definition: Encoding is the translation of purpose, intention, or meaning into symbols or codes. (Communication theories: Origins, Methods, And Uses in Mass Media 3rd Edition) By Werner J. Severin James W. Tankard, Jr Mostly these symbols are in the form of numbers, letters or words. These symbols work like bricks in forming the structure of any language. Other shapes of the encoding can be a photograph, motion picture, musical note or in the form of any sound. Encoding is such a process which demands deep attention to understand. It is the part of our routine life. Communication is the vital part of our life. We can not remain in isolation and feel relief when we express our intentions and feeling to any other person. The process of communication involves the most important factor that is encoding. Encoding basically occurs in mind. In other words it is the process of mind in which our intentions and what so ever we want to communicate is converted or shaped into the form of words which may be in the written or spoken form or can be any kind of gesture. We do the encoding on the basis of our knowledge and our past experiences. It is prerequisite for the journalists and communication experts to understand the encoding and its impact on the objectivity of the news or the message being conveyed. Encoding and the Society: Communication works like blood in the body. The process of interaction and transmission of the intentions and ideas from one to other person requires the cognition to come in work. With out the encoding it is impossible to deliver ones intentions to the other. The process of the encoding and decoding follow each other. A person encodes the message in reaction to what he/she decodes. Encoding process is available at every stage. In the field of communication from interpersonal to mass communication; each level has encoding in the process of dissemination of the information. At the mass communication level media disseminate the information to diverse societies. In the societies electronic journalism has a great role in providing the information about daily happening. The general public is regularly exposed to news channels and construct the opinion on the basis of what they watch and listen. Opinion of a society plays important role in the power play at social and national level and even impacts the international power structure. Keeping in mind the importance of the social opinion, it has been the concern of the communication scholars to ensure the objectivity at every stage of news and information dissemination. The process of delivering the information at this level passes through various stages. From the ordinary witness at the crime scene to the reporter, from reporter to the news desk, from news desk to the anchor person and from anchor person to the audiences, the process of encoding is involved at each stage. To ensure the transparency in the information distribution, making it objective and to provide the reality till the audience, certain studies have been conducted by the communication scholars. In the latest studies the scholars have conducted the Critical Discourse Analysis to study the way social power abuse; dominance and inequality are enacted, reproduced and resisted by text and talk in the social and political context. It thus want to understand, expose and ultimately to resist the social inequality. Additionally the scholars have conducted the Discourse Analysis- a general term for a number of approaches to analyze written, spoken, signed language use. Encoding and the Language: In the process of encoding, language plays an important role. A group of students of the language which is called General Semanticists have worked over the encoding. They also have identified some characteristics of the language. These characteristics are essential to understand in understanding the encoding and the problems in its process. To understand the process of encoding in our society, individuals of the society and the media experts including communication experts and journalists it is essential to be known about these characteristics of the language. Media experts and journalists themselves go through the process of the encoding to shape their selections and intentions and the reality of the world around, and this afterwards again shaped by the minds of individuals in the society. At this point to save the objectivity and the purity of news and the affairs about the world around is the major concern. The misuse of the language takes the communicator or the person being communicated to certain amalgamations of the problems. Following are characteristics of the language identified by the General Semanticists: Language is Static; Reality is Dynamic Language is Limited; Reality is Virtually Unlimited Language is Abstract Assumptions Built into Languages Language is Static; Reality is Dynamic: Words themselves do not change over the period of time, yet the world around us is full of change. In the process of the evolution it is the natural phenomenon that certain species are not permanent in their shape and structure but they keep on developing time to time. In this case it is fact that we use the same fixed limitations and the words to describe any event or the world around. We use some specified words and attributes for certain things and events but with the passage of time their importance and area of influence keep on changing. Mass media communication experts especially the journalists use a specified vocabulary and terms to convey daily happenings. In the developing countries like Pakistan, the journalists in mass media field are not literal to the level essential for their work and the media here is in the developing stage; which has the potential risk to objectivity and the true tackling of the matter of the encoding in the sense of obtaining the information and imparting it to the masses but with the gradual rise in the education towards the importance and the responsibility in the news dissemination process is bringing a positive change. Language is Limited; Reality is virtually Unlimited: According to Wendell Johnson (1972) there are 500,000 to 600,000 words in the English language and they are to represent millions of individual facts, experiences and relationships. The people generally use limited vocabulary for their conversation in daily life. Miller (1963) says that vocabulary for telephone conversation is 5000 words and for novel are 10,000 words. Journalists and communication experts generally have the limited vocabulary. They come across various events in their daily life which they finally encode and give the shape of words and voice and broadcast for the audience and viewers. According to this characteristic of the language they can not show the exact reality of the event. This aspect in other words compromises the objectivity required in the news dissemination process. Due to having the limited vocabulary it becomes hard to convey the true picture of the reality. Language is Abstract: According to General Semanticists in the abstraction process we select some details about anything and leave rest of the details. Every language contains some abstractions. It is one of the most important features of the language. It allows us to think in categories. Much of the human knowledge is bound up in the process of categorizing and classifying. As the words become more abstract their correspondence to the reality becomes less and less direct. In the process of encoding especially according to the journalism perspective, objectivity is the foremost thing to consider. It has adverse effects if the audiences are not conversant to the encoding and abstraction processes. Assumptions Built into the Language: As General Semanticists say; the structure and vocabulary of the language contains many assumptions about the nature of the reality. Wendell Johnson observed that the language we use not only puts words in our mouths, but it also puts notions in our heads. Many folk languages contain certain assumption which are influenced by the culture and norms in which the speakers of that language live. Our mind is like a room which is colored by our experiences and cultures and when we speak in native or foreign language, that language builds assumptions in our mind besides putting words in our mouth. Misuses of the Language: General Semanticists have identified some misuses of the language due its static limited and abstract nature. They have identified four common misuses. Dead-Level Abstracting Undue Identification Two Valued Evaluation Unconscious Projection Dead-Level Abstracting: This concept, described by Wendell Johnson (1946) refers to getting stuck at one level of abstraction. The level could be high or low. High level abstractions are words like justice, democracy, freedom, mankind, and communism, peace with honor, and law and order. The low level abstraction can be like, some one recounting every detail of his or her day. An effective message contains generalizations at a high level of abstraction, but there are also specific details at a low level of abstraction. One effective technique for doing this is to give a lot of examples. (Communication theories: Origins, Methods, And Uses in Mass Media 3rd Edition) By Werner J. Severin James W. Tankard, Jr Undue Identification: General Semanticists have described the undue identification as, the failure to see distinctions between members of a category or class. This term points out that they are seen as identical or identified. Another term for this is categorical thinking. In everyday discourse, it is sometimes referred to as overgeneralization. One common kind of undue identification is stereotyping. (Communication theories: Origins, Methods, And Uses in Mass Media 3rd Edition) Two Valued Evaluation: This is also known as thinking with the excluded middle. According to this, there are only two possibilities of any thing and there is no third possibility of being something at the middle. For example: Right or Wrong Day or Night The General Semanticists have advised the way to eliminate such kind of misuse of the language by having the multivalued evaluation. In other words, to think that there are a range of possibilities of anything. Unconscious Projection: According to the General Semanticists the unconscious projection is a lack of awareness that ones statements are to a degree statements about oneself. Wendell Johnson (1972) went so for as to claim that basically we always talk about ourselves. William Shakespeare said, Nothing is good or bad, but thinking makes it so. It is the I behind the eye that does the seeing. The seeing goes on inside our heads and inside our nervous system. What we see is our response to what we look at. (Communication theories: Origins, Methods, And Uses in Mass Media 3rd Edition) PART III Literature Review Stuart Hall: Stuart Hall has worked over encoding. His paper encoding/decoding was published in 1973. Many of the terms set by Hall remained influential in the field of cultural studies. Hall explored this work during his stay at Birmingham. Hall worked on that how media messages are produced, circulated and consumed. His essay challenged three major things in the communication process. He argued that; Meaning is not simply fixed or determined by the sender. The message is never transparent. The audience is not passive recipient of the meaning. According to him, distortion is built into the system. It is not the failure of the producer or the viewer. He argued that there is lack of fit between two sides of communication exchange. That lack of fit is between the moment of the production of the message and the moment of its reception. In other words, there is lack of fit between encoding and the decoding process. Cultural theorist Stuart Hall developed the reception theory. This theory analyses that how readers (audience) receive the literary text. This is basically a textual analysis approach that focuses on the range of negotiation and opposition concerning to the audience. According to this theory the text in any form is not accepted passively but the audience or the readers interpret the meanings in their cultural backgrounds and the past experiences. As per this theory, the process of encoding going on in any persons cognition is always influenced by his cultural background and the past experiences of the life. General Semanticists: In the world of communication, encoding has been the matter of the great concern. A group of students of language which was named as General Semanticists, have worked on the problems of encoding. This group was at first led by the Alfred Korzybski, a Polish who later migrated to United States of America. Encoding as being the basic element in the communication process which deals with the work of cognition is unavoidable in the process of analyzing the communication and the interaction of human beings with each other and its effects. In the process of accounting the importance of the encoding we can not put aside the role of the language. The language as being the central tool in the process of the communication affects the whole process of sharing the ideas and interaction with each other. Focusing on the vitality and the role of the language in encoding, they have identified some characteristics of the language that make the encoding difficult-especially in the language. These scholars have been in concern with the role of language in our daily life and its effects over our mental health. They have suggested to use the language in the way as the scientists use, to avoid the problems generated by the misuse of the language. Describing the characteristics of the language which make the encoding difficult, they identified the language as; Language is Static; Reality is Dynamic Language is Limited; Reality is Virtually Unlimited Language is Abstract Assumptions Built into Languages Misuse of the language causes the wrong encoding of any purpose or intention which takes the person being communicated, away from the reality. The person who gratifies his needs for information and news is on the stake of the key performers in the information dissemination process such as media producers, anchor-persons and the news reporters. General Semanticists have also identified some misuses of the language. Wendell Johnson has the prominent work in this regard. The misuses of the language are; Dead-Level Abstracting Undue Identification Two Valued Evaluation Unconscious Projection According to Wendell Johnson, getting stuck to a level of abstraction, and basically we always talk about ourselves, are the matters of the great concern. The field of journalism like other communication activities requires more attention towards these findings by the General Semanticists. The element of the objectivity has been of great concern. S. I. Hayakawa (1964) discusses three kinds of statements focusing the objectivity. Reports Inferences judgment According to him, the statement which is capable of verification is called the report. He describes the inferences as the statements made about unknown on the basis of known and finally he discussed the judgment as an expression of approval or disapproval for an occurrence, person or object. Journalists are sometimes challenged for their objectivity and unveiling the true picture of reality. For this the Hayakawa has advised to follow the report method of the statements and avoid inferences, statements and slanting. Encoding and Mass Media in Pakistan: Mass media in Pakistan has been playing active role in dissemination of the information to the audience at every newsworthy occasion. Certainly there is no scarcity of the hardworking journalists working in the whole process of the communication and the news dissemination. At the present stage there is great competition going on among various TV channels, of which most of the channels are newly emerged. Being the first in the broadcasting race some times the violation of the standards and ethics of news reporting is obvious. Some of the channels have been showing the videos of such a brutal incidents which would never be shown under the codes of ethics. Whether it is print or the electronic media, loopholes in the process of information gathering, processing and distributing stages are apparent. Government has established PEMRA to regulate the media but it too has been kept under the influence of the interests of the governing body in the past. In the print media there are a number of news stories available at the news desks which are firstly encoded by the reporters in the words on the paper, which sometimes are not written properly due to limited vocabulary of the language held with the reporter. There are gatekeepers at various stages of the news production which practice their influence on the word structure of the news. Sometimes a few newsworthy stories are left behind due to unavailability of the space in the print and the time in the electronic media and that reserved space is due to the immense influence of the advertisers, through which mass media generate the revenue. In such above mentioned conditions, the objectivity is the element of great concern in the whole process of the mass media. There have been no work done over the issue of encoding by the mass media of Pakistan and there is no research held over the audience way of the encoding in Pakistan. There are a few channels (TV, Radio) and newspapers which are never influenced by the rivalry of the circumstances and tried to provide the objective news to the audience and vied to unveil the reality. But to analyze the way the mass media in Pakistan encodes the messages and to analyze the way the audience further encode the messages, is the matter of great concern. PART IV Hypothesis To analyze the objectivity and the encoding process by the news media it is essential to set a hypothesis. Under the hypothesis we will discuss the level of objectivity and the way how mass media especially the news media (print and electronic) of Pakistan and the audience encode the news. Statement of the Hypothesis News media (print and electronic media) in Pakistan politicize the news PART V Analysis Mass media in Pakistan has diverse outlets. It is not merely confined to the print media or in the other words the newspapers. There are news agencies, newspapers, magazines, radio, TV channels, internet and the movie industry under the title of the mass media in Pakistan. Debating on the issue of the encoding we will pass through the performance of the all kinds of media in Pakistan focusing on the issue of politicizing of the news elements by the media industry. Pakistan as being one of the developing countries is passing through the process of the evolution in the field of industry, economy and the media field. Where there are various TV channels are getting approval for the start of the broadcast, there many newly born newspapers are sacrificing for there erectness and stability in the corporate culture of the present Pakistan. Besides this there is one more way of recreation, learning and information for the audience and that is radio listening. The radio Pakistan enjoys the vast area coverage with respect to other FM radio stations having a limited area for broadcast. Internet too is full of blogs and WebPages. Society in Pakistan is divided into urban and rural population. The urban population is being exposed to diverse media outlets than the rural population. The emerging news media in Pakistan has been influenced by the political economy being practiced by various corporate and the political bodies. The newly emerging media whether in the form of print or electronic have to vie for their existence and their existence can not be assured with out generation of the revenue. The struggle to generate the revenue some times put these media industries on the way other than the objectivity. The objectivity has been the great concern for the communication experts and the scholars. It would be the foremost responsibility of the mass media to provide the accurate picture of the reality and do not keep the audience away from the reality. Encoding of the news is blurred by the various key players in the media industry due to their affiliations with the corporate world and the political body. Corporate sector influences the media by using the advertisement tool and the political body cares for its interest and if the media go against, it puts the sanctions through the governmental media regulating bodies. This way, the corporate and the political bodies control the contents of the news and other media messages and make the reporters, news editors, columnists, anchor persons and the news producers to think in the way they want. As the general semanticists identified, due to the limited aspect of the language the reporter sometimes can not describe the reality of the incident in the way as it should be. The assumptions built in the language makes the key performers in the media industry to think in the way that is influenced by their culture and past experiences. As the Wendell Johnson said, the opinions of the columnists are to some extent the talks about themselves. These are basically their opinions and not necessarily the reality of something. The element of the judgment according to the Hayakawa is also visible in the opinions given in the news articles and the columns. Reports are the only the way to come up with the reality for the audience. There are the reports that can only be verified and are credible thats why the emphasis is given on the report (a type of statements according to Hayakawa). The audience as per the uses and the gratification theory gratifies their needs from the mass media in the form of the news and the entertainment. And if they gratify their needs on the basis of the news encoded by mass media under the influence of any corporate or the political body, they will live with the wrong picture of the world around them in their brain and that will effect their reaction in the social life. Agenda setting aspect of the mass media is also applicable in this regard. The influential bodies and sometimes the personal bias of any of the key performers in the mass media molds the structure of the news in a particular sense generating collection of words which causes to set a particular agenda in the public. Sometimes the political influence of the political body being the major provider of the advertisements to the mass media makes news media to make an issue over particular news in the media and bury the other news which however may cause any harm to the political body. The contents of the news in the media are also affected by the advertiser which buys large space or the time in the news media and this way controls consciously or unconsciously the news flow and its encoding. Some of the events have been given more than the due time and rests of the important events are kept at the stand by although the newsworthy incidents keep happening all the time in any of the corners of the country. The news is not merely encoded by the news media but it is further encoded by the audience and it then further travels to the rest of the audience through their opinion leaders in the public sphere. If the encoding at any stage in the news media is of that other than reality and away from the objectivity, the travel of the information at any stage will not be fruitful for the audience. PART VI Findings News media in the Pakistan are encoding the news messages for the audience. Those media that are strong are practicing better encoding of the news and focusing on the element of objectivity than those which are newly born and needs revenue from advertisements for their strength building in the media market. The threat to the objective encoding is expected in the talk shows where the anchormen conclude the discussion and give inferences and judgments. This aspect is also visible in the news articles and columns which are basically their own opinions about the reality. Audiences further encode the messages based on what kind of encoding done by the news media they come across. They remain away from the reality if they are gratifying from the inobjective encoding by the news media. Thanks With Best Regards M Bilal Bhatti MS 1 Media Communication Studies IIUI, Islamabad

Iceland Ltd Human Resource Management Analysis

Iceland Ltd Human Resource Management Analysis The organization chosen for the given three tasks is Iceland Ltd. An affiliation cant come up with a superb gathering of working specialists without incredible Human Resources. The key components of the Human Resources Management (HRM) aggregate consolidate enrolling people, setting them up, execution assessments, awakening delegates and furthermore workplace correspondence, working environment security, and a great deal of other stuff. The HR executives devise courses of action and methodology for getting the right kind of people. They arrange the criteria which is most fitting for a specific expected arrangement of duties. Their diverse endeavors related to enrollment join figuring the duties of an agent and the degree of errands consigned to him or her. In light of these two factors, the understanding of a delegate with the association is prepared. At whatever point required, they also offer planning to the employees as demonstrated by the necessities of the affiliation. Henceforth, the staff people find the opportunity to sharpen their present capacities or make specific aptitudes which therefore, will help them to take up some new parts. A not too bad working condition is one of the points of interest that the agents can envision from a viable human resource gather. A secured, spotless and strong environment can draw out the best in a delegate. An intriguing air gives the staff people work satisfaction as well. The HR talks with the staff freely from time to time and gives all the critical information concerning their displays and besides describes their specific parts. This is invaluable as it engages them to shape a design of their normal destinations in much clearer terms and in this way, helps them execute the targets with most perfect attempts. 1.1 Human resource management is the new form of personnel management. There is no any watertight contrast between human resource management and personnel management. Be that as it may, there are a few contrasts in the accompanying matters. A HR administrators part is to guarantee that business directors apply HR arrangements and methods reliably through all specialty units. This creates organizations crosswise over various groups, which bolsters corporate points and targets. (Accounting-management, 2009) PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Personnel management is a customary approach of overseeing individuals in the association. Personnel management concentrates on faculty organization, worker welfare and work connection. Personnel management expect individuals as a contribution for accomplishing craved yield. Under personnel management, faculty capacity is attempted for representatives fulfillment. Under personnel management, work configuration is done on the premise of division of work. Under personnel management, representatives are given less preparing and advancement openings. In personnel management, choices are made by the top management according to the tenets and control of the association. Personnel management concentrates on expanded generation and fulfilled representatives. Personnel management is worried with personnel director. Personnel management is a standard capacity. Human resource management is a current approach of overseeing individuals and their qualities in the association. Human resource management concentrates on securing, improvement, inspiration and upkeep of HR in the association. Human resource management expect individuals as an imperative and significant resource for accomplishing coveted yield. Under human resource management, regulatory capacity is attempted for objective accomplishment. Under human resource management, work configuration capacity is done on the premise of gathering work/cooperation. Under human resource management, representatives are given all the more preparing and improvement openings. In human resource management, choices are made on the whole subsequent to considering representatives interest, power, decentralization, aggressive environment and so on. Human resource management concentrates on adequacy, culture, profitability and workers investment. Human resource management is worried with all level of administrators start to finish. Human resource management is a vital capacity. 1.2 In every association, there are a few functions tending to the motivations behind the association. Since human resource management is a fundamental and basic issue for association so HRM has additionally a few capacities like recruitment and choice, execution, preparing and improvement and so forth. Hiring demonstrates the entire exercises from circular for workers to definite selection. In this range expected set of responsibilities, circular, various composed or viva voice, transaction and last contract to the chose people. Preparing and improvement alludes to the basic learning and lessons about the information expected to play out the occupations. Representative advancement likewise alludes to develop workers as viable and proficient for particular employments. The association need to ensure that individuals they have the correct aptitudes and experience to execution work getting it done now and in future. To address the motivations behind Iceland, the human resource management duties are assuming an imperative part. Iceland has a reasonable and particular representative recruitment strategy. Iceland dependably lean towards quality as opposed to quantity. Iceland dependably attempt to favor the gifted, ability and shrewd representatives with no segregation. This recruitment approach is exceptionally adding to Iceland to guarantee todays lucrative position in market. Iceland has some master mentors by whom it acclimates the successful preparing and learning session. (Human resource management functions HR l concepts l topics l definitions l abour laws l online, no date) 1.3 (The HR Answer Book) It is past depiction matter that the parts and obligations of line chiefs of any association is critical to accomplish definitive objectives of that association (Bose lie, Dietz and Boon, 2005). Since the key capacities are administered by the line directors so line administrators ought to be exceptionally earnest, devoted, educated and legit. Iceland todays notoriety and lucrative position in market is being conceivable by a solid and particular administration framework. One of the remarkable component of this accomplishment is the parts and duties of line administrators. The parts and obligations of line directors of Iceland are particular. Line supervisors dependably regulate their subordinates appropriately. Line administrators of Iceland are exceptionally dependable regarding aiding and critical thinking in every day operations of their subordinates. In light of the way of life of Iceland, there is a solid relationship between the line chiefs and their subordinates. This relationship helps the workers take Iceland as their own particular association. Furthermore, by dint of this relationship situation Iceland is presently at this level. 1.4 (The HR Answer Book) From the earliest starting point of 21st century, business associations and its exercises are administered by a certain and compelling institutional administrative structure. This administrative system impact the general exercises of business association. Whats more, human resource management is a key issue to be impacted by administrative structure. Administrative system is quite impact the human resource office when organization goes for universal operations for business exhibitions. Iceland is intense and delicate as far as separation in human resource administration work on concerning the moral and legitimate point of view of lawful edge work. Human resource administration division of Iceland is additionally affected by lawful structure in wording on work question, work relations, work rights, remuneration, representative workplace, association demeanor towards its workers etc. The another zone of human resource administration to be impacted by lawful system is equivalent worker opportunity. So the effect of administrative system of Iceland positive as Iceland dependably attempt to accomplish the best by its dedication to satisfy the standards and directions law and morals. 2.1 (The Big Book of HR) It is said that, a right plan is half of done. Human resource arranging alludes the procedure and system and assurance the necessities of an associations human resource. Arranging is must for an association. Without appropriate arranging no action can be performed splendidly for most extreme cases. Since human resource administration is a crucial element for association so significance of getting ready for human resource is exceptionally fundamental. There are some vital explanations behind Iceland making arrangements for human resource arranging. Some of those motivations to be talked about at this point. Firstly Iceland dependably attempts to make the connecting between associations procedure to human resource arranging. Iceland likewise requirements for making arrangements for evaluating momentum HR, deciding the interest for work, anticipating the future work supply, finding or looking the required representatives, coordinating the request and supply for work. Human resource arranging helps Iceland to deal with its human resource adequately and effectively. 2.2 (Michael Armstrong Armstrongs Handbook on Human Resources Management) For human resource recruitment there are some standard stages that can be received by an association. Those stages are practically normal for medium and substantial size of associations. Be that as it may, for accomplishing or benefiting upper hands as far as human resource numerous associations are currently honing at those phases in to some degree diverse ways. Iceland is exceptionally notable and popular brand in the business world as far as its cooperative attitude regarding representative determination process and worker and boss relationship. For this Iceland needs to receive some recruitment stages viably and proficiently. Two noteworthy phases of Iceland recruitment of workers are recruiting sources and meeting the association. Firstly Iceland should attempt to keep up by its recruiting sources by inside source, worker referrals and suggestions, outside hunts with notice, representative office, school, college, spontaneous candidates. Whats more, meeting the association incorporates resumes gathering, some last comments, viva voice lastly the recruitment is happened. 2.3 Recruitment and choice process is one of the real issues of human resource administration. A definitive achievement or disappointment significantly relies on upon recruitment and determination procedure of any association. Recruitment and determination process differs from association to association and nation to nation. A few contrasts are seen between the recruitment and determination procedure of Iceland and Tesco, Sainsburys. From the foundation of Iceland it has been realized that Iceland take after a reasonable and non-segregation for recruitment and choice process. Corporate administrations are completely trailed by it. Adjacent to that it attempt to choose the dynamic, keen, informative individuals. Iceland recruitment and determination handle begins with ad and finishes with useful or demo session. The huge contrasts are seen amongst Iceland and three others specified above in recruitment and choice process regarding inside determination, contracting individuals for conclusi ve choice process and so forth. (SHRM, 2016) 2.4 On the off chance that we attempt to assess the viability of the recruitment and determination methods in above chosen associations we can state that the recruitment and choice procedure of Iceland is exceptionally viable contrasted with others. The procedure or system took after by Iceland guarantees the equivalent representative open doors. Reasonable and required representatives can be chosen by that way. One the other hand for other three associations there may inward determination prepare that can come about howl the desire execution level. Iceland never inclines toward nepotism regarding recruitment and choice process that guarantees the viability and proficiency as far as exhibitions. In any case, there might be some issue emerge since a couple minute perception by test and viva may not generally function admirably. In such manner inward recruitment and determination prepare at times function admirably since by this procedure restorative recruitment is conceivable at a more noteworthy degree. (Todays news, 2016) 3.1 Regularly there is a solid relationship between reward framework and inspiration. Inspiration can originate from numerous ways. Suitable reward framework is one of them. From the above contextual investigation it has been seen that inborn needs comes about the solid inspiration for the workers. The inborn needs are the requirements of the individual needs. Individual, for the most part, have various key mental needs including the need to feel that worker can accomplish something great, they should be a part of gathering, the requirement for regard and consolation from others. Those necessities may originate from some specific issue like advancement, settling on choice, adding to a group, doing assortment of undertakings etc. Iceland is such an association, to the point that has a solid duty to address these issues by occupation pivot, worker engagement, representative inclusion in basic leadership that dependably make a solid connection amongst representative and boss. 3.2 There is a cozy relationship between employment or execution assessment and installment. Be that as it may, installment methodology may differ association to association and nation to nation over the world. In a few associations employment or execution assessment is just a single criteria to decide the installment. Also, it is valid for little retail association for the most extreme cases. Be that as it may, if there should arise an occurrence of extensive size based enterprise different variables with employment assessment might be considered as vital issue to decide the installment or pay. In light of the situation of Iceland it has been watched that, are three strategies for occupation assessment are seen like requesting technique, grouping strategy and point strategy. Requesting technique otherwise called positioning strategy for the most part comprised by both administration and worker agents organizing work from most astounding to least request. (SHRM, 2016) 3.3 As indicated by the specialists of human resources administration, four sorts of reward framework are there honed by the associations. They are continuously inborn versus outward reward framework, money related versus non-monetary reward framework, work put issue: work improvement, execution based versus participation based reward system. The thought process and objective of every association is not same. So one reward framework is successful for one association. It differs association to association. In the event that we attempt to survey the reward arrangement of Iceland it can be seen that Iceland is taking after the natural reward framework that is exceptionally powerful for this association. The workers of this association is such a great amount of satisfied to this reward framework. The qualities or elements of inborn reward framework are extremely useful for its representatives as this reward framework incorporates cooperation in basic leadership, more noteworthy occupation flexibility and watchfulness, obligation, all the more intriguing work, self-awareness openings, differing qualities of exercises. These all components are exceptionally useful to propel and hold the workers of this association. (SHRM, 2016) 3.4 Observing workers and execution administration is one of the key calculates human resources administration. Without legitimate observing and execution administration a firm or association cant see a definitive achievement in future. When we attempt to look at the strategies embraced by Iceland to screen representatives execution a few inquiries might be extremely useful to analyze it. Those inquiries ought to be (1) Is the strategy performed well? (2) Are there any productive techniques more compelling than that of it? (3) How really it functions admirably? Finding every one of the solutions from the handy situation we ought to observe to Iceland way to deal with do it. We can see that Iceland is extremely willing to draw in its workers in basic leadership, to employment advancement and so on. The motivations behind Iceland are being accomplished thusly. Presently we can think if this association takes other techniques to screen its representatives then what will be the genuine situation? The answer can be exceptionally critical. So one might say that the strategy took after by Iceland is working well for it. ([emailprotected] snippet, 2017) 4.1 (The Managers Guide to HR- Max Muller) As I have said there are some particular purposes for end of work like end of business operations, minimizing the work cost, out of line method for representatives, work debate and so on. Faisals termination at the Chicken Master was truly justified as he was paying no attention to the work. His absence during working hours, inefficiency in work was the main reasons. He used to ignore his duties while spending time on calls with her wife or daughter. He was an irresponsible worker. As he was also caught in pornography and other non-acceptable stuff, Bob did the right thing by cancelling his contract. Bob was very much justified in doing so as he warned Faisal a lot of times about his issues but Faisal paid no heed to it. When we see the explanations behind discontinuance of work with uncommon motivations to the associations it is to specify that the suspension rate of work of the Chicken Master is low. For the most extreme cases suspension of work in an organization happens for misrepresentation and most elevated truancy rate of representatives, money related aversion in early phases of its operations. Other than that suspension of work is found in associations in view of exceptionally poor execution as far as client dealings, client relationship keeping up. Among the reasons specified above money related abhorrence is striking exceptionally for the greater part of the associations. Late world financial emergency is the appropriate case for it. 4.2 Work exit system is the following stride of end of business. It fluctuates association to association and nation to nation. In any case, the privileges of workers must to be guaranteed by every kind of association. The business leave method framework ought to be reasonable and particular. As indicated by the work right association must guarantee the reasonable method for business leave technique. Business leave methodology of any organization should be exceptionally excellent. Firstly it should advise the representative formally about suspension. Also it should offers time to representative to set his or her contention against the progression taken by association. In the event that representative is not ready to put his or her contention in his or her support, association should formally eliminate him or her at long last. At that point the association should satisfy all the necessity because of the worker. And a discontinuance card should sent to the address of representative. (The balance, 2017) 4.3 (The Managers Guide to HR- Max Muller) Keeping up the administrative structure at the season of discontinuance of work is extremely basic for partnerships of the business world. Every single association must need to take after the terms and states of suspension and leave strategies of work. When we consider the end course of action of work in the Chicken Master it is seen that the suspension technique of the Chicken Master match every one of the prerequisites of legitimate issue. The Chicken Master never attempt to abuse any terms and conditions got from lawful system. From the foundation of the Chicken Master it is realized that, the Chicken Master never attempted to skirt any articles and arrangement of work law and work rights as far as end methods. From the above exchange we can finish up such a route, to the point that since human resources administration is a constantly rehearsing issue so it assumes a critical part on associations general execution. On the off chance that an association needs to increase full profit by human resources administration it ought to take after every one of the areas of HRM. In a little retail association there are might be a couple of people are selected for its every day operations and exhibitions. Here an imperious method of the proprietor is watched. Iceland never inclines toward nepotism as far as enlistment and choice process that guarantees the viability and proficiency as far as exhibitions. From the foundation of Iceland it is realized that, Iceland never attempted to avoid any articles and arrangement of work law and work rights as far as end procedures. Iceland itself has legitimate counseling board that dependably bargain the lawful based issues and gives the reasonable and particular consultancy to make the essential strides. Suspension of work is an extremely touchy issue for an association in present day and focused universe of discontinuance. In spite of the fact that discontinuance is not expected any more from an association but rather still this situation is happening in a few associations. End can be happened by the end of any association or minimizing the work costs or any debating or unjustifiable method for means. Suspension of business is more touchy issue due to work law and work rights. Executing examinations, when gone up against a steady start, goad the employees. In an organization, there are a couple issues on which level headed discussion may rise between the employees and the organizations. You can state conflicts are basically unavoidable. In such a circumstance, it is the human resource division which goes about as an expert and judge to manage those issues compellingly. They first hear the grievances of the specialists. By then they consider sensible responses for manage them. By the days end, they make propitious move and keep things from leaving hands. The obligation of setting up incredible publicizing lies with the HRM in a manner of speaking. They mastermind gatherings, courses and distinctive expert parties for the association remembering the true objective to create organization with various business divisions. As a less than dependable rule, the HR division expects a dynamic part in setting up the business and publicizing suspects the organization too. Any organization, without a proper setup for HRM will without a doubt experience the evil impacts of huge issues while managing its standard activities. Subsequently, today, associations must put an extensive measure of effort and essentialness into setting up a strong and effective HRM. [1] Accounting-management (2009) Available at: http://accountlearning.blogspot.com. [2] Human resource management functions HR l concepts l topics l definitions l abour laws l online (no date) Available at: http://www.whatishumanresource.com/Human-Resource-Management-functions. [3] Michael Armstrong Armstrongs Handbook on Human Resources Management. [4] SHRM (2016) Popular tools. Available at: https://www.shrm.org/ [5] Todays news (2016) Available at: http://www.hrmasia.com/ [6] BE IN THE KNOW ONÂ   (2016). Available at: http://www.humanresourcestoday.com/ [7] [emailprotected] snippet (2017) Available at: https://hr.duke.edu/ [8] The Managers Guide to HR by Max Muller-Second Edition [9] The balance (2017) Available at: https://www.thebalance.com

Samuel Beckett Essay -- essays research papers

Beckett's Absurd Characters Beckett did not view and express the problem of Absurdity in any form of philosophical theory (he never wrote any philosophical essays, as Camus or Sartre did), his expression is exclusively the artistic language of theatre. In this chapter, I analyse the life situation of Beckett's characters finding and pointing at the parallels between the philosophical background of the Absurdity and Beckett's artistic view. As I have already mentioned in the biography chapter, Beckett read various philosophical treatises; he was mostly interested in Descartes, Schopenhauer, and Geulincx. These thinkers are the main sources which influenced and formed Beckett's view of the world as well as his literary writings. Beckett's major and the only theme appearing and recurring in all his works, is exclusively the theme of man. Beckett is interested in man as an individual, in his subjective attitude to the world, in confrontation of individual subject with the objective reality. According to Descartes, human being is composed of two different substances: body (res extensa) and mind (res cogitas).21 The body is a part of a mechanical nature, a material substance independent from spirit; and the mind, a pure thinking substance. This distinction of the two qualitative different substances is called subject-object "Cartesian dualism", 22 and it gave rise to number of philosophical problems, the essence of which is Their mutual connection. Beckett's characters are such subjective thinking substances surrounded by mechanical material nature; and as the subject-object connection was the most problematic part of Descartes' concept, it is one of the major motifs Beckett deals with. He uses dramatic symbols, to express the barriers and the walls between the worlds "in" and "out" as to demonstrate their incompatibility. His characters are physically isolated from what is happening "outside" and the space they are imprisoned in, is their inner subjective world. "A Beckett hero is always in conflict with objects around him... he is divided from the rest of the world, a stranger to its desires and needs. The dichotomy between his own mind and body finds an analogy in the outside world in the dichotomy between people and objects. ...tension is created between mind and body, on one hand, and people and objects, on the ot... ...tion, 1992. 10. Friedrich Nietzsche, Tak pravil Zarathustra, trans. Otokar Fischer, (Olomouc: Votobia, 1992) 9. /translation mine/ 11. Martin Esslin, The Theatre of the Absurd (London: Penguin Books, 1986) 23. 12. see Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays, trans. Justin O'Brien, (New York: Vintage Books, 1961) 21-24. 13. Camus 38. 14. see Diane Collinson, Fifty Major Philosophers: A Reference Guide (London: Routledge, 1997) 57-60. 15. Camus 10. 16. Camus 90. 17. Camus 4. 18. see Camus 3-8. 19. Camus 88. 20. Camus 89. 21. see Collinson 58. 22. Collinson 57. 23. Carolyn Riley and Barbara Harte, eds., Contemporary Literary Criticism: Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of Today's Novelists, Poets, Playwrights and Other Creative Writers, vol. 1 (Detroit: Book Tower, 1973- ) 20. 24. Camus 11. 25. see Collins 100-103. 26. see Collins 100-103. 27. see Arthur Schopenhauer, Svet jako vule a predstava. trans. Jan Dvorak, ed. Thomas Mann (Olomouc: Votobia, 1993). 28. Collins 103. 29. see Camus 33. 30. see Schopenhauer 19. 31. see Friedrich Nietzsche, Filosofie v tragickem obdobi Reku, trans. Jan Brezina and Jiri Horak, (Olomouc: Rektorat UP, 1992) 46-52.

Miles Davis and the Evolution of Jazz Essay -- The Jazz Revolution

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Who was Miles Davis and why was he such an important element in the music of Jazz? Miles Davis, as we would know him, was born Miles Dewey Davis in Alton, Illinois on the 25th of May 1926 to a middle-class black family.. A couple of years later, Miles went on to St. Louis where he grew up. Since he was a youngster, Miles' hobby was to collect records and play them over without getting tired of them. Since his family knew Miles was so interested in the music of his time, primarily Jazz, for his thirteenth birthday Miles received his first trumpet, although he had been playing since the age of nine. With this Miles began to practice and play his trumpet along with his records. Who would have known that just three years later, at the age of 16, Miles was offered his first job with Billy Eckstine's band to replace their ill horn player. In this band that Miles was recruited into were two of Jazz's most famous players: Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie "Bird" Parker. Nobody would have guessed that this would be the start of it all. This small inexperienced child, who was picked up by chance, would re-invent Jazz like no one could imagine!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After successfully completing high school and playing for his high school band, Miles went on to New York to Julliard to study music. Although Miles was very involved and interested in his schoolwork, it turns out that he spent more time on 52nd street than in college. 52nd street was the Jazz filled street in New York that included all the hip night clubs of the time. Meant for both white and black people, 52nd street was all about Jazz and alcohol and it was the happenin' place to be, especially if you wanted to be discovered as a Jazz musician. This all led to Miles' dropping out of school and playing with the big guys on 52nd street to be discovered. In no time Davis was playing regularly with Coleman Hawkins and Charlie Parker. At this time Miles, 19, moved up in the history of Jazz by recording his first album in New York along side of Hawkins, "Rubberlegs" Williams, and of course Parker.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A few months after Parker and Gillespie went to California, Miles got together with Benny Carter's Orchestra and traveled all the way to California as well. Again, while in California, Parker asked Miles to record another album and as a result 'Bird' decided to form a quintet with Miles as a key member. All of this without d... ...ongside Miles.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This last tune Called Oleo, had a quick beat and the trumpet sounds were amazing, but towards the middle-end of the song I began to wander off. This was probably because I still stick to the first two song which I enjoyed greatly. One thing about this particular song though, was the end. What an end!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In conclusion to this whole research paper, I can say that I have learned a lot and heard a lot, most of which I have enjoyed. Miles was definitely a milestone in the evolution of Jazz and although he is no longer with us, he left an untouchable mark in music and music lovers of all sorts of music, this mainly due to the taste of all the sounds he invented, reinvented, and mixed throughout his days in the business. Miles Davis will truly be remembered and missed. Works Cited http://www.nettally.com/dbird/MDBio.htm http://www.cdnow.com/cgi-bin/mserver/SID=1525020349/pagename=/R.../select=biograph http://downbeatjazz.tunes.com/sections/artists/text/bio.asp?from=fans&id1=2357 http://www.aramagic.com/lounge/music/miles_davis/mdbio.html Grolier Encyclopedia (CD ROM), 1993 Miles Davis The 70"s Jazz Revival The Jazz Revolution: Cool

Evaluation of a computerised system Essay

Meeting the requirements specification In the evaluation of this project, the first things that must be considered are the first objectives that were set for the system to meet. This is the requirements specification. I will break down each objective listed in the requirements specification and discuss whether the objectives have been met.   To complete the new system by the deadline agreed This requirement was met. The date that was arranged was the 21st March 2008 and the date that was used on the calendar of dates was also this date.   The database will need to be able to store enough records. The hardware that was acquired for the new system to be stored on in the end was a 120 GB hard disk, and then was well enough to store the whole database of records on.   The system will need to alert the user when stock is low or has run out The query ‘Out of stock’ along with its report counterpart is enough of an alert to let the user know that staff has run out. However, there is no way of checking when stock is low, and the ideal alert for items that have gone out of stock would be automatic rather than the user having to run the report or query. Data must be backed up to minimise loss of data and to reduce the amount of work if data does get lost A sufficient back-up plan has been constructed which included at least two ways of backing up records at regular intervals.   To find information about an item quickly The ‘Find product’ query is a good way of finding information about an item quickly. It allows the user to search for an item using its name or in a separate query a product ID can be used. Alternatively, items can be browsed through using the Products form.   Generate a unique ID for each customer entered into the database. A unique ID for each customer that is entered into the database is generated.   Generate a record for customer details entered into the database The Customers form is used to enter customer details into the database, and its ‘Add new record’ button is a way of generating a new record for the data that has been input.   Produce an error if the customer already exists in the database This objective has not been met directly, however there are measures that can be taken to see if a customer already exists in the database. An error is not produced automatically, but a query has been created to check the database for the customer. Show the new customer table when a new customer has been added When a new customer is added the new customer table is not shown, however this is not necessary as the user isn’t able to view the tables, but the data is immediately accessible by the user via the Customers form.   Show the new customer table when a customer has been deleted The same applies for deleting a customer as applies to adding a new customer. The data is not shown as a table but is immediately accessible via the Customers form.   Generate a unique ID for each product added into the database. A unique ID for each product that is entered into the database is automatically generated.   Generate a record for product details entered into the database When details of an item are entered into a Products form and the ‘Add new record’ button is clicked, then a new record is generated for that data that has been input.   Show the new product table when a product has been added The same applies to this as applies to customers.   Show the new product table when a product has been deleted The same applies as above.   Generate a unique ID for each staff member added to the database. A unique ID is generated for each staff member that is entered into the database is automatically generated. Generate a record for each staff member added into the database When the details of a new member of staff are entered into a Staff form and the ‘Add new record’ button is clicked, then a new record is generated for that data that has been input. Show the new staff table when a new staff member is added into the database The same applies to this as applies to customers.   Show the new staff table when a staff member is deleted from the database. The same applies as above. Generate a unique ID for each sale that takes place A unique ID is generated for each sale that takes place is automatically generated. Generate a record for each sale that takes place When the details of a sale are entered into the Sales form and the ‘Add new record’ button is clicked, then a new record is generated for that data that has been input. Show the new sales table when a sale has been added into the database The same applies to this as applies to customers.   Update the stock levels for the item purchased after a sale. The same applies as above.   Produce an error message if the customer doesn’t exist When a sale is conducted, if a customer ID doesn’t exist in the Customers table but is entered into the Sales table then an error message is produced.   Produce an error message if the item isn’t in stock An error message is not directly produced if an item is in stock, but when a staff member uses a query to locate an item to reduce the stock by 1, they should notice that the stock level for that item is already 0. Correctly archive data from the sales table. Data can be archived from the sales table using two queries that have been created: an append query and a delete query. Data older than 28 days in the Sales table is appended to the Archived Sales table using the first query, then data older than 28 days in the Sales table is deleted using the second. Summary table of requirements specification Here is a table to summarise whether or not the original requirements specification has been met or not: Objective no. Target met Target partly met Target not met Reason for not meeting target Page reference 1 X 2 X 3 X Report created to tell user all items out of stock. 4 X 5 X 6 X 7 X 8 X Query created to check existance of customer 9 X Tables not accessible by end-user, but data viewable in form 10 X Tables not accessible by end-user, but data viewable in form 11 X 12 X 13 X Tables not accessible by end-user, but data viewable in form 14 X Tables not accessible by end-user, but data viewable in form 15 X 16 X 17 X Tables not accessible by end-user, but data viewable in form 18 X Tables not accessible by end-user, but data viewable in form 19 X 20 X 21 X Tables not accessible by end-user, but data viewable in form 22 X 23 X 24 X. Report created to show all items out of stock, and when updating stock levels staff should know it is out of stock. 25 X Signed: _____________________________________ User response In the Implementation section of this project I issued the staff at the shop with a copy of the new system and a questionnaire to fill in about using it. Here are the results of the questionnaire that I obtained. The main menu is easy to follow. True / False 10 0 Comments towards this statement indicated that the main menu was very easy to follow and needs no improvement. It is easy to navigate around the whole system. True / False 10 0 Comments on this question also indicated that it needed no improvement. There was indication that each area of the whole system is accessible via the main menu. The layout is consistent. True / False 10 0 There were no comments about this statement. The text throughout the system is easy to read. True / False 10 0 Comments stated that font was large enough to read, and that the contrast in colour with the background was significant. The colour scheme is appropriate. True / False 10 0 Comments say that the colour scheme is consistent, simple and attractive to the eye. The system is secure enough. True / False 2 8 Comments towards this statement indicated that when the system is run, the whole system is accessible and therefore a password should be required in order to gain access to the system. Your user-guide is easy to follow and read. True / False 10 0 Comments mainly say that the user guide is straightforward and easy to follow. It explains how to use the system sufficiently. Command buttons are all in a suitable place. True / False 10 0 Comments explain that command buttons are in a logical order and are well laid out. All of the drop-down lists work. True / False 10 0 There were no comments about this statement. All of the correct information is stored. True / False 10 0 Comments mainly say that data is entered into forms and is successfully stored in tables. Reports are sufficient and have a good layout. True / False 10 0 Comments say that the layout of the reports is consistent and the reports show sufficient information. All dates stored within the system work correctly. True / False 10 0 Comments mention that the date is automatically entered into the sales table, and all other dates within the system correctly work. The validation rules work. True / False 10 0 Comments say that validation minimises errors when typing and makes the user aware that they have made a spelling mistake. The validation rules are helpful. True / False 10 0 Comments say that spelling mistakes and typing errors are minimised due to the validation rules that are in place. Almost all of the questions received fully satisfied answers. The only exception was that the database was secure enough. This received a slightly negative response along with suggestions that the database should have a password. This was originally included in the design of the project but was left our during the system development stage. The problem was, however, rectified and the system was accepted. Good points, bad points and possible extensions From my evaluation so far and the user’s questionnaire, I am able to create a list of good points and bad points of the system: Good points   The switchboard allows easy access around the whole of the system   A professional-looking colour scheme has been created to give the system a sense of consistency. On-screen text is clear and easy to read due to a simple font and high contrast to the colour of the background   No faults were detected in the user guide and everyone seems to be able to use the new system   Error messages are clear so that they can be corrected when they occur Validation on fields improves reliability of data that is entered into the database and validation rules are found to be useful   Some areas of the database have automatic data entry, such as ID fields and some date fields, reducing the amount of work for the end-user   It is quick and easy to enter data due to the forms that have been created. Drop-down lists are available on some fields to make it easier for the end-user to enter data Bad points Backing up can be quite slow and time consuming due to data transfer on to the particular USB drive that was purchased having a slow transfer speed. Burning data on to discs, and also removing data from discs, is slow   Having to run two queries to archive data is tedious, as it would be much easier to only have to run one command in order to do it   Archiving data is easy to forget and it would be useful to have a reminder every 28 days Limitations. The system still has some limitations, despite the fact that it has been improved greatly, with improved efficiency and much less chance of errors being made. Here is a list of limitations that the system has, and also some of the system requirements that were not completely fulfilled. There is no automatic alert to tell the user that stock levels are low and that more need to be ordered in   Paper has not been completely eliminated from the system. Reports are used to create lists of data to store in an archive, or to give information to the stock control manager when ordering new stock without having to load up the system The system is not able to produce reminders every time data needs archiving   There is no error message generated when a user is entered into the database again Possible extensions There are still extensions that could possibly be made to the system, and time and funds permitting, these are still possible to implement at some stage. Here are some of the extensions that could be made:   When carrying out a sale, it would be a good idea if the stock levels could automatically be updated to reduce the stock levels by one. An alternative to this would be to allow the user to reduce the level of stock via the sales form, rather than having to locate the correct record using the products form   It would be a good idea for the database to produce a reminder every 28 days to remind the user to archive old sales. This would reduce clutter in the database and decrease the amount of time it would take to look at data in the sales table   To allow the stock control manager to create a list of stock that needs to be ordered in automatically so that he could send this to the manufacturer. This would greatly reduce his workload.